Hypertension

Causes of Hypertension :-

• Primary (Essential) Hypertension :- No identifiable cause; develops gradually over time.
• Secondary Hypertension :- Caused by an underlying condition such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or certain medications.

Risk Factors :-

• Genetics :- Family history of hypertension.
• Age :- Risk increases with age.
• Diet :- High salt intake, low potassium, and excessive alcohol consumption.
• Lifestyle :- Lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, and chronic stress.
• Chronic Conditions :- Diabetes and kidney disease.

Symptoms :-

Hypertension often has no noticeable symptoms, which is why it’s often referred to as a “silent” condition. In severe cases, symptoms may include:

• Headaches
• Dizziness
• Shortness of breath
• Nosebleeds

Diagnosis:

• Blood Pressure Measurement :- Regular checks using a sphygmomanometer to assess blood pressure levels.
• Additional Tests :- May include blood tests, urine tests, and imaging studies to determine the cause and check for related complications.

Treatment :-

1. Lifestyle Changes :-

   • Diet :- Reduce sodium intake, eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
   • Exercise :- Engage in regular physical activity, such as walking, jogging, or swimming.
   • Weight Management :- Achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
   • Stress Reduction :- Practice relaxation techniques like meditation or yoga.
   • Limit Alcohol and Quit Smoking :- Both can contribute to higher blood pressure.

2. Medications :-

   • Diuretics :- Help reduce excess fluid and sodium in the body.
   • ACE Inhibitors :- Help relax blood vessels by blocking the formation of a hormone that narrows blood vessels.
   • ARBs (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers) :- Help relax blood vessels by blocking the effects of a hormone that narrows blood vessels.
   • Calcium Channel Blockers :- Help relax blood vessels by preventing calcium from entering heart and blood vessel cells.
   • Beta-Blockers :- Help reduce the heart rate and the workload on the heart.

3. Regular Monitoring :-

   • Blood Pressure Checks :- Frequent monitoring to track the effectiveness of treatment and make adjustments as needed.
   • Follow-Up Appointments :- Regular visits with your healthcare provider to assess progress and manage any complications.

Prevention :-

• Healthy Lifestyle Choices :- Adopting a heart-healthy diet, staying active, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption.
• Regular Health Screenings :- Regular check-ups to monitor blood pressure and detect any early signs of hypertension.
• Stress Management :- Incorporating stress-relief practices into your daily routine.